Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *bhodh- / *bhedh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to dig

Hittite: {peta- `to dig' - source?}

Old Greek: bóthro-s, bóthǖno-s m. `Loch, Grube, Graben, Vertiefung'

Baltic: *bed- (*bed-a-) vb. tr, *bed-r-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *bad-ja- n., m.

Latin: fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossum `graben', fossa f. `Graben'

Celtic: *bed- > Cymr bedd `Grab', Corn beth `Grab', Bret béz `Grab'

Russ. meaning: рыть яму

References: WP II 188

Comments: Usually compared also with Slav. *bostī, *bodātī 'to butt' and the correspondent Balt. forms, but semantics is difficult.

Proto-IE: *bholg'h-

Meaning: leathern bag, pillow, mattress; paunch

Old Indian: barhís- n. `sacrificial grass, a bed or layer of Kuṣa grass, usually strewed over the sacrificial ground to serve as a sacred surface on which to present the oblations, and as a seat for the gods and the sacrificers'; upa-bárhaṇa- n., upa-bárhaṇī f. `a cushion, pillow'

Avestan: barǝziš- n. 'Polster, Kissen'

Other Iranian: NPers bāliš 'Kissen'

Slavic: *bolzīnā (Slov blazína Kissen, Matratze, Bettpfühl; Fuss- oder Handballen, Srb-Kro blàzina Kopfkissen, Polster, Federbrett)

Baltic: *pa=bal̃ǯ-sta- c., *balǯ-in-[a]-s m., *pā=balǯ-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *balg-i- c., *bulg=; *bulx-s-tr-a- m.

Celtic: Gaul bulga `Ledersack' ( > OHG bulga lederner Wasserbehälter); Ir bolg `Sack', Ir bolg `Bauch, Sack, Hülse'; Cymr bol, bola, boly `Bauch', Bret bolc'h `cosse de lin'

Russ. meaning: кожаный мешок; подушка, матрац; пузо

References: WP II 180 f

Proto-IE: *bhol-; *bhlē-dh-; *bhlō(w)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: leaf; (to) flower

Tokharian: A pält, B pilta (PT *pältā) 'leaf, petal' (Adams 388)

Old Greek: phǘllo-n n. `Blatt'; blastánō, aor. blastẹ̄̂n `keimen, sprossen', blastó-s m. `Keim, Spross, Stengel', blástǟ f. `id.; Ursprung, Geburt'

Germanic: *blō-m-a- n., *blō-m-ōn- f., -an- m., *blō-s-m=, *blōw-a- vb., *blō-d-i-, etc.; *blē-d=; *bla-d-a- n.

Latin: folium, -ī n. `Blatt (der Pflanze)'; flōs, -ōris m. `Blume, Blüte, Blütezeit; das Beste bzw. Oberste einer Sache; Jungfräulichkeit, Jugendkraft'; Flōra f.

Other Italic: Osk Fluusaí `Florae', Fiuusasiaís (i für l ?) `Florabilis', Sabin Flusare `Florali'

Celtic: *beli̯o-m: Gael bile `Blättchen, Blüte'; *blāt- > MIr blāth `Blüte, Blume'; Cymr blawd `Blüte', OCorn blodon `Blüte', MBret bleuzven `Blüte', Bret bleuñ(v)enn `Blüte'

Russ. meaning: лист; цветок, цвеcти

References: WP II 176 f, 294 f

Proto-IE: *bhong-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to break, to beat

Old Indian: bhanakti, pf. babháñja `to break, shatter'; bhaṅgá- m. `breaking, splitting, a break or breach'

Baltic: *beñg- vb. tr., *bang-t-a- adj., *pa=bañg-ā̂ f., *biñg- vb. intr., *biñg-ù- adj.

Germanic: *bank-ō- vb., *bunk-ō- vb., *bung-ō- vb., *bung-ōn- f.

Celtic: *bong- > OIr bong- `brechen, ernten; siegen', con-boing `confringit'; boimm `Bissen'; Corn bong `Axt, Beil'

Russ. meaning: ломать, бить

References: WP II 149 f

Proto-IE: *bhor-

Meaning: to bore

Armenian: getna-, erkra-, hoɫa-bir `den Boden aufgrabend, durchwühlend', brem `grabe auf, höhle aus, bohre auf', bričh `Hacke', bah, gen. -i (*bhrti-) `Spaten'; bor, gen. -oy `Schorf'

Slavic: *bъrtь

Germanic: *bur-ō- vb., *bur-ō(n-) f., *bur-a- m.

Latin: forāre `bohren, durchbohren', forātum, forāmen n. `Loch'

Russ. meaning: бурить, сверлить

References: WP II 159 f

Proto-IE: *bhorg[ʷ]-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sharp, prickly; a k. of fish with prickly fins

Armenian: bark `heftig, zornig; herb, bitter, scharf von Geschmack'

Old Greek: phágro-s m. N. eines Fisches, `Seebrasen, Pagrus vulgaris ?'

Baltic: *bar̂g-a- (2) adj.

Germanic: *bark-a-, *brak-a- adj.

Celtic: OIr borb, borp `töricht', Ir borb `Barsch'

Russ. meaning: резкий, колючий; рыба с колючими "перьями"

References: WP II 188

Proto-IE: *bhorm-, *morm-

Meaning: fear, terrible ghost

Old Greek: mormṓ, gen. -ọ̄̂s, att. -ónos f. `Popanz, Schreckgespenst'; mórmoros = phóbos Hsch.; mǘrmos = phóbos Hsch., mórmē = khalepḗ, ekplēktikḗ Hsch.

Latin: formīdō, -inis f. `Gespenst, Vogelscheuche; Grausen, peinigende Furcht, Schrecken'

Russ. meaning: страх, страх божий

References: WP II 308

Proto-IE: *bhow-/-a-

Meaning: cave, burrow

Old Indian: bhūka- m., n. `hole' (L.)

Armenian: bovkh `χωνευπήριον, furnace, small forge, mine'

Latin: fovea, -ae f. `Grube; Fallgrube für das Wild; Tierhöhle'; ? pl. favi(s)sae `locum sīc apellābat in quō erat aqua inclūsa circā templa; sunt autem quī putant favisās esse in Capitōliō cellīs cisternīsque similēs, ubī repōnī erant solita ea quae in templō vetustāte erant facta inūtilia'; faux, pl. faucēs, gen. -ium f. `der obere Teil des Schlundes, Luftröhre, Kehlkopf, Kehle'

Russ. meaning: пещера, нора

References: WP II 140 f, WH

Proto-IE: *bhoyǝ-

Meaning: to frighten, to be afraid

Old Indian: bibhéti, bháyate, ptc. bhiyāná-, bhītá- `to fear, be afraid of'; bhī- f., bhīti- f. `fear', bhīmá- `fearful, terrific', bhīrú- `fearful, timid'; ? bhā́ma- m. `passion, wrath, anger'

Avestan: bayente, byente `sie setzen in Furcht'

Other Iranian: NPers bāk `Furcht', bīm `id.'

Old Greek: ? píthǟko-s m. `Affe'; píthōn, -ōnos m. `kleiner Affe'

Slavic: *bojā́tī, *bojǭ; *bojaznь; *bēsъ

Baltic: *bī̂- (1) vb. tr., *bij-ā̂- vb., *baj-u- adj., *baî-d-ī̂- vb. (1?), *baĩ-d-a- c., *baî-d-ā̂ (1) f., *bai-s-ā̂ f., *baĩ-s-a- c., *baî-l-iā̃ (2) f., -a- c., *baî-l-a adj., *baî-l-u- (2) adj., *baî-m-iā̃ (2) f.

Germanic: *bi-b-ē- vb., *bi-b-r=

Latin: foedus, -a `hässlich, scheussl;ich, widerwärtig, grässlich; schändlich'

Russ. meaning: пугать, бояться

References: WP II 124 f, 186

Proto-IE: *bhōg-

Meaning: to roast, to bake

Old Greek: phṓgō, phṓgnütai̯, aor. éphōksa, éphōsa, p. ephṓkhthēn, va. phōktó- `rösten, braten', phṓgano -n n. `Gefäss zum Rösten der Gerste', phō̂ksi-s f. `das Rösten', pl. phō̂ktai̯ f. `geröstete Gerstenkörner'

Germanic: *bak-a- vb., *bak-ō- vb., *bakk-a- vb.; *bak-s-tr-a- m.

Russ. meaning: жарить, печь

References: WP II 187 f

Proto-IE: *bhō, bhē; a(m)-bhō, a(m)-bhē

Meaning: both

Tokharian: A āmpi, ampe, B ant-api, āntpi `beide' (Adams 14) (PT *āntäp(ä)i)

Old Indian: ubhā́u, f. ubhé `both'

Avestan: uwa, f. ubē `beide'

Old Greek: ámphō, gen.-dat. amphôi̯n `beide'

Slavic: *obā, *obē

Baltic: *abō, *abei, *abai

Germanic: *bai, *bē

Latin: ambō, -ae, -ō `beide'

Russ. meaning: оба

References: WP I 54 f

Comments: The same root probably in *am-bh- 'around'.

Proto-IE: *bhōw-

Meaning: strong, numerous, swelling etc.

Old Indian: bhū́ri- `many, abundant, great, mighty', comp. bhū́yas-, bhávīyas-, sup. bhūyiṣṭha-

Avestan: būiri- 'reichlich, völlig, vollkommen', comp.-adv. baiyō 'länger, auf länger als', sup. bōištǝm 'plurimum'

Armenian: boil, pl. gen. builch `Schar, Menge, Herde'

Old Greek: pl. phōíd-es, phoíd-es, phō̂i̯d-es f. `Brandblasen'; *phóo-n : tà phóa = eksanthḗmata Hsch.

Slavic: *būjь 'wild, grausam, töricht', *būjьnъ, *būla, *būlɨ̄ga etc.

Baltic: *bū̂-r-ia- (1) c., *bū̂-r-ā (1) f.

Germanic: *bul-ja- vb., *būl-iō(n-), *baul-iō(n-) f.

Celtic: OIr bolach `papula'

Russ. meaning: сильный, многочисленный etc.

References: WP II 114 f

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